IN.PACT AV Access Trial: Economic Evaluation of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Dysfunctional Arteriovenous Fistulae Based on 12-Month Clinical Outcomes

PurposeTo study, from a U.S. payer’s perspective, the economic consequences of drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) use for the treatment of stenotic lesions in dysfunctional hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae.Materials and MethodsCost differences between DCBs and PTA at year 1 and beyond were calculated via 2 methods. The first approach used the mean absolute number of trial-observed access circuit reinterventions through 12 months (0.65 ± 1.05 vs 1.05 ± 1.18 events per patient for DCBs and PTA, respectively) and projected treatment outcomes to 3 years. The second approach was based on the trial-observed access circuit primary patency rates at 12 months (53.8% vs 32.4%) and calculated the cost difference on the basis of previously published Medicare cost for patients who maintained or did not maintain primary patency. Assumptions regarding DCB device prices were tested in sensitivity analyses, and the numbers needed to treat were calculated.ResultsUsing the absolute number of access circuit reinterventions approach, the DCB strategy resulted in an estimated per-patient savings of $1,632 at 1 year and $4,263 at 3 years before considering the DCB device cost. The access circuit primary patency approach was associated with a per-patient cost savings of $2,152 at 1 year and $3,894 at 2.5 years of follow-up. At the theoretical DCB device reimbursement of $1,800, savings were $1,680 and $2,049 at 2.5 and 3 years, respectively. The one-year NNT of DCB compared to PTA was 2.48.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy for arteriovenous access stenosis with the IN.PACT AV DCB can be expected to be cost-saving if longer follow-up data confirm its clinical effectiveness.     

Utilization of and Outcomes Associated with Intravascular Ultrasound during Deep Venous Stent Placement among Medicare Beneficiaries

PurposeTo evaluate temporal trends, practice variation, and associated outcomes with the use of intravascular ultrasound (US) during deep venous stent placement among Medicare beneficiaries.Materials and MethodsAll lower extremity deep venous stent placement procedures performed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019 among Medicare beneficiaries were included. Temporal trends in intravascular US use were stratified by procedural setting and physician specialty. The primary outcome was a composite of 12-month all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, or repeat target vessel intervention. The secondary outcome was a composite of 12-month stent thrombosis, embolization, or restenosis.ResultsAmong the 20,984 deep venous interventions performed during the study period, 15,184 (72.4%) utilized intravascular US. Moderate growth in intravascular US use was observed during the study period in all clinical settings. There was a variation in the use of intravascular US among all operators (median, 77.3% of cases; interquartile range, 20.0%–99.2%). In weighted analyses, intravascular US use during deep venous stent placement was associated with a lower risk of both the primary (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–0.76; P < .001) and secondary (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.27–0.39; P < .001) composite end points.ConclusionsIntravascular US is frequently used during deep venous stent placement among Medicare beneficiaries, with further increase in use from 2017 to 2019. The utilization of intravascular US as part of a procedural strategy was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes after the procedure, including venous stent thrombosis and embolization.     

慢性肾脏病患者血压形态特点及临床疗效分析

目的 研究慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）患者血压形态特点，以及睡前服用降压药对患者临床疗效影响。方法 2018年1月至2019年9月住院的182例CKD合并高血压患者的动态血压数据和临床指标，描述患者的血压昼夜节律特点和特殊血压类型分布。分析睡前服用降压药对患者临床疗效影响。结果 不同CKD分期患者的年龄、24 h收缩压、白天收缩压、夜间收缩压差异有统计学意义。CKD合并高血压患者血压形态以非杓型为主。与杓型血压组患者比较，非杓型或反杓型患者的年龄、超敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitive C reactiveprotein，hs CRP）偏高，血红蛋白偏低（P＜0.05）；多因素回归分析显示年龄、hs CRP是发生异常血压节律的独立危险因素。患者的诊室血压控制率25.3%，动态血压控制率14.3%，均控制率5.5%，夜间血压未控制率83.5%。19.8%的患者有隐匿性高血压，8.8%的患者有白大衣性高血压。将降压药改为睡前服用的患者3个月后的24 h尿蛋白和血尿酸显著改善（P＜0.05）。结论 CKD合并高血压患者的血压形态以非杓型为主。年龄、hs CRP是发生血压节律异常的独立危险因素，血红蛋白越低的患者更容易发生非杓型血压。睡前服用降压药可能通过恢复血压昼夜节律来减少尿蛋白及降低血尿酸。     

持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨非卧床腹膜透析患者腹膜炎发生的危险因素。方法选取我院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的慢性肾衰竭持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者260例作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷收集患者信息,统计记录腹膜炎发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析确定腹膜炎发生的影响因素。结果 260例患者中发生腹膜炎的73例,占28. 08%;多因素logistic回归分析显示腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素有高龄、低文化水平、合并糖尿病、透析时长、总蛋白(TP)水平下降、血钙(Ca)水平下降。结论我院慢性肾衰竭持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者相关性腹膜炎发生率为28. 08%,腹膜炎发生独立危险因素为高龄、低文化水平、伴有糖尿病、透析时间长、总蛋白水平下降、血钙水平下降,结合危险因素制定防范干预措施非常重要。     

日间手术模式对医疗费用控制的作用机制研究

目的:研究日间手术模式在控制医疗费用方面的机制特点。方法:将2018年度出院的854例单病种患者,分为日间组(818例)和非日间组(36例),比较两组在肿块大小、年龄、住址、住院日、住院费用结构、实际费用消耗等方面的差异。结果:在年龄、住院日、住院费用方面,日间组明显低于非日间组。加上门诊相关费用后,日间组和非日间组在实际费用消耗方面差异不显著。结论:日间手术开展依赖于微创技术的发展。日间手术模式能够降低与住院日密切相关的床位费、护理费、药费等费用,但由于高值耗材的使用,同时也抬升了卫生材料费用。日间手术能够有效降低患者隐形社会成本支出。推行日间手术需要兼顾医师的工作积极性。推广日间手术与医保费用管控并不矛盾。